List of anti-ethnic and anti-national terms, where "anti-ethnic" refers to ethnic hatred, or sentiments of hostility towards an ethnic group and "anti-national" refers to sentiments of hostility towards a particular state or other national administrative entity.
The use of all of these terms is controversial, as they tend to be used prominently in local rhetorical appeals to fallacy —namely the natural confusion between politically-directed opposition and ethnically-directed hostility, often deliberately disregarding this distinction for propaganda purposes.
These discriminatory attitudes are similar in nature to various religion-based hostile movements: Christianophobia, Anti-Catholicism, based on the mixture of xenophobia and ideological/political opposition.
The linguist and activist Noam Chomsky noted that perhaps the original Western use of the term, from which all similar term originate, was by the Israelite King Ahab, in calling the prophet Elijah as "thou troubler of Israel."
Chomsky further argues that such terms are similar in that they are used by nationalist and their associated governments to espouse the supremacy of nationalism over dissent within the culture, and are considered absurd in the context of cultures which have a much deeper connection to their ethnic history.
See also category:Anti-national sentiment
The suffix -phobia has gained popularity in its non-clinical (mis)use to refer to various negative attitudes.
Christianophobia, Islamophobia, and anti-Hinduism while formally defined as negative attitude to a religion, also interpreted as attitudes to nationalities associated with these religions.